AP Latin Caesar texts

Please go to the Latinum Website, at

  Latinum.org.uk

Latinum has created a suite of Caesar material  that covers almost all of the
required ground for Caesar for AP. The audio materials make it easy for a student
to revise the text over and over again - it is easier to listen to a
text multiple times, than to re-read it multiple times in the book.
The Latin-English-Latin literal translations make dictionary work
unnecessary, as the student first approaches the text with the literal
translation, before studying it intensively in Latin only, until it is
familiar.
AP Caesar requirements are:
Caesar, Gallic War
Book 1: Chapters 1-7
Book 4: Chapters 24-35 and the first sentence of Chapter 36 
            (Eodem die legati . . . venerunt.)
Book 5: Chapters 24-48
Book 6: Chapters 13-20


http://latinum.org.uk
1. John Taylor's  'Caesar for Beginners'. (Book I, The Helvetic War).

2. Caesar - 'The British War ; Customs of the Gauls' - Caesar's Bello Gallico
Book 4, chapters 20 -38,
Book 5, Chapters 8 - 23,  
Book 6, Chapters 12-19.
The reading is Latin-English-Latin, and repeated again in Latin only.

3. Lowe, Butler and Walker's
' Introduction to Caesar' A grammar book based around Book 1 of De
Bello Gallico, including the vocabulary learning files for Book 1, and
a reading of Book 1 in Latin.

4. Cannon's  'An Open Door to Caesar' - in Latin only - De Bello
Gallico Book 1, in simplified Latin,followed by the chapter in the
original form.

5. Sonnenschein's 'Ora Maritima' is a childrens story in Latin based
around themes in Caesar covered in the AP syllabus - can provide some
light relief.

Adler's textbook is possibly the most complete Latin Course ever written

Please go to the Latinum Website, at

  Latinum.org.uk

Adler's Practical Grammar for Independent Learners - 

A Language Immersion Course.

Adler's textbook is possibly the most complete Latin Course ever written.  This audio presentation, originally produced by Latinum for the Latinum Podcast,  turns Adler into an immersion experience. It is unique, in focusing on learning the entire structure of Latin grammar through conversation. With over  200 hours of audio, it is the most comprehensive Latin course of its type in existence, and is excellent value for money. read a review more;

comparison to Wheelock...>

Download Adler

Each of the 97 lessons is in 3 parts:

1. Grammar and syntax with extensive paradigms added to the text. The grammar is very detailed, with large numbers of additional paradigms and useful memory clues. Vocabulary is presented in advance of every lesson.

2. Model question-answer conversations in Latin-English-Latin. Here you consolidate your vocabulary, and learn the grammatical structures in use.

3. Slow repetition and fast repetition of the conversational material in Latin only,for review. Once you have mastered section C of any lesson, it is time to move to the next lesson

view the textbook pdf online...>

View the dictata online...>

Adler is available as digital downloads as well:

Swallowing the Dictionary

In 2009, for my own use, I made a recording of Ripman's nomenclature - the recording isn't perfect, and contains a number of errors - some slips of the eye while reading,other just a result of tiredness, as the task of recording took a month of daily sessions, recording the material in Latin-English. Despite the problems with this recording,it still has great utility for a student, and I offer a copy of it as a download on Latinum. I still listen to this recording myself around once a month, to reinforce and expand my vocabulary.

I want to re-record the book, more accurately, and this time in Latin-English-Latin, giving a dual repetition of each phrase. This will take longer, but will increase the utility of the material. Ideally, I would like to memorise the entire contents of this text.

Schola

Schola was founded on 28 January 2008. Today, January 4,  2012, we have just passed the 2,000 member mark.

Schola marks something new in the world - the first time since the renaissance where a functioning  international community of people who use Latin to communicate, has been established, a place where Latin conversations take place every day, either in text, by video, or otherwise.

 Much of the activity takes place away from Schola, on Skype,  and elsewhere - Schola is simply the nexus, the directory.

I have taken a more backseat approach to Schola over the past year, to watch and give other personalities the chance to emerge. It was never a good thing for the site to be too closely identified with one person - now we have 2000 plus member, this is less of an issue.

Schola is paid for with donations from members, and also subsidised from sales of DVDs of Latin I produce -  we pay Ning an annual rental for the site - around $200.

Shifting Sands Online

Please go to the Latinum Website, at

  Latinum.org.uk

2011 has really been a year of shifting sands in the online world. The biggest impact on my online presence, was the folding of the mypodcast server farm, and with it, the disappearance of Latinum from iTunes and the internet.
I had assumed this would eventually happen, and had started to produce DVDs with the podcast material, and to develop a presence on YouTube.

I still don't find YouTube is the best medium for what I am trying to achieve, however, I will keep working with it, as long as it continues to exist. I assume YouTube has a long term future,and so is worth making the investment of time.

Google's KNOL system is also shutting down in mid 2012, so I copied all my articles from there across to this blog. Blogger, I assume, has a future, at least in the medium term.

Schola still exists,as Ning took the brave move to start to charge for its hosting service, to protect itself from the fate of companies such as mypodcast. I assume that Ning is financially stable, at least in the medium term. I pay around $250 a year to keep Schola up and running -  which is one reason why I ask for donations - and the few pennies I make from the DVD sales also go toward supporting Schola.

Tables of comparison for Latin Cases

Please go to the Latinum Website, at

  Latinum.org.uk

Latin Grammar

Over the course of putting my Latinum course together, I noted a few things about textbooks that teach grammar - the material is not usually structured for optimal memorisation. Material is presented in grammatical categories that have been chosen for good philological reasons, not for ease of learning.

For example, playing around with the ordering of the declensions makes for a system that can be learned very quickly indeed: Additional learning tables can be found here: Cases compared to the nominative singular.

The following tables are of the case endings for the five Latin declensions.

SINGULARS

CASE	I	II	III	IIII	V
NOMINATIVE	A	US	CLONES TRAX	US	ES
VOCATIVE	A	E	CLONES TRAX	US	ES
ACCUSATIVE	AM	UM	EM	UM	EM
ABLATIVE	A	O	E	U	E
DATIVE	AE	O	I	UI	EI
GENITIVE	AE	I	IS	US	EI

MEMORISE these endings:
AH-AH-UM-A-AE-AE;                ( AH AH UM A AE)
US-E-UM-OO-I                          ( MUSEUM OOEE)
CLONE'S TRAX EM-E-I-IS       ( CLONE'S TRAX AMAZE)
US-UM- U- UI- US                    (USE 'EM YOU USE)
ES-ES-EM-E-EI-E                     (S & M E HEY!)
Some notes: Just say these one after the other, and then write them down. The words in brackets are rough equivalents that help with memorisation.



PLURALS

CASE	I	II	III	IIII	V
NOMINATIVE	AE	I	ES	US	ES
VOCATIVE	AE	I	ES	US	ES
ACCUSATIVE	AS	OS	ES	US	ES
ABLATIVE	IS	IS	IBUS	IBUS	EBUS
DATIVE	IS	IS	IBUS	IBUS	EBUS
GENITIVE	ARUM	ORUM	UM	UUM	ERUM

MEMORISE:
AE-AE-AS-IS-ARUM ( I 'AS 'IS ARM             I.E. "I HAVE HIS ARM")
I-I-OS-IS-ORUM      ( EE -OS-'IS-ORM        I.E. "HE HAS HIS ARM")
ES-IBUS-UM          (EASY BOSOM)
US -IBUS -UUM     ( USE 'E  BOSOM             I.E. "USE YE BOSOM")
ES - EBUS -ERUM  (EASY BOSERUM)

Note the 'rule of two' the first two declensions have the first two cases the same.
The 'rule of three' - the next three have the first three cases the same.
Neuters always follow the 'rule of three'

ADJECTIVES:

Learn your adjectives in the order Feminine, Masculine, Neuter, NOT masc, fem,neuter, as in all grammar books.

Then, the adjective will follow the order of the declensions, and will give clearer patterns for memorising. Here are the endings for adjectives that are declined like BONUS.

CASE	FEMININE  (follows 1st declension form)	MASCULINE (follows 2nd declension form)	NEUTER (follows masculine)
NOMINATIVE	A	US	UM
VOCATIVE	A	E	UM
ACCUSATIVE	AM	UM	UM
ABLATIVE	A	O	O
DATIVE	AE	O	O
GENITIVE	AE	I	I

Note the neuter of the adjective is a neutered masculine. Thus, it follows the form of the masculine, except if has the 'rule of three' for the first three cases. Putting it next to the masculine makes it easier to memorise.

CASE	FEMININE plural (follows 1st declension form)	MASCULINE plural (follows 2nd declension form)	NEUTER plural (follows masculine)
NOMINATIVE	AE	I	A
VOCATIVE	AE	I	A
ACCUSATIVE	AS	OS	A
ABLATIVE	IS	IS	IS
DATIVE	IS	IS	IS
GENITIVE	ARUM	ORUM	ORUM

A COMPARATIVE TABLE SHOWING FORMS COMPARED TO FIRST DECLENSION FEMININE SINGULAR.  THERE IS SOME IRREGULARITY, BUT EVEN HERE THERE ARE PATTERNS.

CASE	FEMININE SING
NOMINATIVE	HAEC	MUSA	BONA	MEA	ILLA	IPSA	ISTA	EA
VOCATIVE	O	MUSA	BONA	MEA
ACCUSATIVE	HANC	MUSAM	BONAM	MEAM	ILLAM	IPSAM	ISTAM	EAM
ABLATIVE	HAC	MUSA	BONA	MEA	ILLA	IPSA	ISTA	EA
DATIVE	HUIC	MUSAE	BONAE	MEAE	ILLI	IPSI	ISTI	EI
GENITIVE	HUJUS	MUSAE	BONAE	MEAE	ILLIUS	IPSIUS	ISTIUS	EJUS

A COMPARATIVE TABLE SHOWING FORMS COMPARED TO FIRST DECLENSION FEMININE PLURAL. NOTE THE REGULARILY OF THE FORMS. MASCULINE PLURAL FORMS ALSO SHOW REGULARITY.

CASE	FEM. PLURAL
NOMINATIVE	HAE	MUSAE	BONAE	MEAE	ILLAE	IPSAE	ISTAE	EAE	QUAE	NOSTRAE
VOCATIVE		MUSAE	BONAE	MEAE						NOSTRAE
ACCUSATIVE	HAS	MUSAS	BONAS	MEAS	ILLAS	IPSAS	ISTAS	EAS	QUAS	NOSTRAS
ABLATIVE	HIS	MUSIS	BONIS	MEIS	ILLIS	IPSIS	ISTIS	EIS	QUEIS	NOSTRIS
DATIVE	HIS	MUSIS	BONIS	MEIS	ILLIS	IPSIS	ISTIS	EIS	QUEIS	NOSTRIS
GENITIVE	HARUM	MUSARUM	BONARUM	MEARUM	ILLARUM	IPSARUM	ISTARUM	EARUM	QUARUM	NOSTRARUM

A COMPARATIVE TABLE SHOWING FORMS COMPARED TO SECOND DECLENSION MASCULINE SINGULAR.  THERE IS SOME IRREGULARITY, BUT EVEN HERE THERE ARE PATTERNS.

CASE	MASC SING.
NOMINATIVE	HIC	DOMINUS	BONUS	MEUS	ILLE	IPSE	IS	QUIS
VOCATIVE	O	DOMINE	BONE	MI
ACCUSATIVE	HUNC	DOMINUM	BONUM	MEUM	ILLUM	IPSUM	EUM	QUEM
ABLATIVE	HOC	DOMINO	BONO	MEO	ILLO	IPSO	EO	QUO
DATIVE	HUIC	DOMINO	BONO	MEO	ILLI	IPSI	EI	CUI
GENITIVE	HUJUS	DOMINI	BONI	MEI	ILLIUS	IPSIUS	EJUS	CUJUS

A COMPARATIVE TABLE SHOWING FORMS COMPARED TO SECOND DECLENSION MASCULINE PLURAL. NOTE THE REGULARILY OF THE FORMS. FEMININE PLURAL FORMS ALSO SHOW REGULARITY.

CASE	MASC PLURAL
NOMINATIVE	HI	DOMINI	BONI	MEI	ILLI	IPSI	ISTI	II	QUI
VOCATIVE	O	DOMINI	BONI	MEI
ACCUSATIVE	HOS	DOMINOS	BONOS	MEOS	ILLOS	IPSOS	ISTOS	EOS	QUOS
ABLATIVE	HIS	DOMINIS	BONIS	MEIS	ILLIS	IPSIS	ISTIS	EIS	QUEIS [quibus]
DATIVE	HIS	DOMINIS	BONIS	MEIS	ILLIS	IPSIS	ISTIS	EIS	QUEIS [quibus]
GENITIVE	HORUM	DOMINORUM	BONORUM	MEORUM	ILLORUM	IPSORUM	ISTORUM	EORUM	QUORUM

MORE PATTERNS IN ADJECTIVES (in the singular)

OBSERVE: ADJECTIVES THAT ARE LIKE BONUS, USE THE ACCUSATIVE ENDING FOR THE FIRST THREE CASES OF THE NEUTER IN THE SINGULAR.

CASE	FEMININE  (follows 1st declension form)	MASCULINE (follows 2nd declension form)	NEUTER (follows masculine)
NOMINATIVE	A	US	UM
VOCATIVE	A	E	UM
ACCUSATIVE	AM	UM	UM
ABLATIVE	A	O	O
DATIVE	AE	O	O
GENITIVE	AE	I	I

OBSERVE: ADJECTIVES THAT ARE LIKE PULCHER FORM THEIR SINGULARS AS FOLLOWS: NEUTER ENDING IS THE SAME AS THE MASC. ACCUSATIVE ENDING.  Note - the exception (marked in red) is in the name of the adjective, so is easy to remember.

CASE	FEMININE  (roughly follows 1st declension form)	MASCULINE (roughly follows 2nd declension form)	NEUTER (follows masculine)
NOMINATIVE	RA	ER	UM
VOCATIVE	RA	ER	UM
ACCUSATIVE	AM	UM	UM
ABLATIVE	A	O	O
DATIVE	AE	O	O
GENITIVE	AE	I	I

OBSERVE: ADJECTIVES THAT ARE LIKE TURPIS  FORM THEIR SINGULARS AS FOLLOWS: FEMININE AND MASCULINE ARE THE SAME, THE NEUTER REMAINS AS A NEUTER OF THE MASCULINE (& FEM. ). NOTE THE SIMILARITY OF THE NEUTER ENDINGS TO THE ACCUSATIVE ENDING.

CASE	FEMININE  (roughly follows 3ND declension form)	MASCULINE (roughly follows 3ND declension form)	NEUTER (follows masculine)
NOMINATIVE	IS	IS	E
VOCATIVE	IS	IS	E
ACCUSATIVE	EM	EM	E
ABLATIVE	I	I	I
DATIVE	I	I	I
GENITIVE	IS	IS	IS

OBSERVE:  ADJECTIVES THAT ARE LIKE ACER ( SIMILAR TO TURPIS ABOVE) FORM THEIR SINGULARS AS FOLLOWS: NOTE THE SIMILARITY OF THE NEUTER ENDING TO THE ACCUSATIVE ENDINGS. Note, the exception (marked in red)  is in the name of the adjective, making it easier to recall.

CASE	FEMININE  (roughly follows 3RD declension form)	MASCULINE (roughly follows 3RD declension form)	NEUTER (follows masculine)
NOMINATIVE	IS	ER   [IS]	E
VOCATIVE	IS	ER   [IS]	E
ACCUSATIVE	EM	EM	E
ABLATIVE	I	I	I
DATIVE	I	I	I
GENITIVE	IS	IS	IS

Declensions arranged by case in Latin

DECLENSIONS ARRANGED BY CASE

When the declensions are arranged in this fashion, clear patterns emerge. Learning the singular next to the plural, and comparing forms for each declension reduces the amount of memorisation required.
First Declension (green)
Second Declension(blue)
Third Declension( two shades of purple)
Fourth Declension(pinkish)
Fifth Declension (yellow)


NOMINATIVE CASE

SINGULAR	PLURAL
haec MUSA	hae MUSAE
hic DOMINUS	hi DOMINI
hic DEUS	hi DII
hoc REGNUM	haec REGNA
hic HONOR	hi HONORES
hic SERMO	hi SERMONES
hic MILES	hi MILITES
haec TURRIS	hae TURRES
hic LAPIS	hi LAPIDES
hic PATER	hi PATRES
hoc ANIMAL	haec ANIMALIA
hoc CARMEN	haec CARMINA
hoc ITER	haec ITINERA
hoc OPUS	haec OPERA
hoc CAPUT	haec CAPITA
hoc POEMA	haec POEMATA
hoc SEDILE	haec SEDILIA
hic FRUCTUS	hi FRUCTUS
hoc CORNU	haec CORNUA
haec DOMUS	hae DOMUS
haec RES	hae RES
hic /haec DIES	hi DIES

ACCUSATIVE CASE

SINGULAR	PLURAL
MUSAM	MUSAS
DOMINUM	DOMINOS
DEUM	DEOS
REGNUM	REGNA
HONOREM	HONORES
SERMONEM	SERMONES
MILITEM	MILITES
TURREM	TURRES
LAPIDEM	LAPIDES
PATREM	PATRES
CARMEN	CARMINA
ANIMAL	ANIMALIA
ITER	ITINERA
OPUS	OPERA
CAPUT	CAPITA
POEMA	POEMATA
SEDILE	SEDILIA
FRUCTUM	FRUCTUS
CORNU	CORNUA
DOMUM	DOMOS/US
REM	RES
DIEM	DIES

ABLATIVE CASE

SINGULAR	PLURAL
MUSA	MUSIS
DOMINO	DOMINIS
MAGISTRO	MAGISTRIS
GENERO	GENERIS
DEO	DIS
REGNO	REGNIS
HONE	HONORIBUS
SERMONE	SERMONIBUS
NUBE	NUBIBUS
MILITE	MILITIBUS
TURRE	TURRIBUS
LAPIDE	LAPIDIBUS
PATRE	PATRIBUS
ANIMAL	ANIMALIBUS
CARMINE	CARMINIBUS
ITINERE	ITINERIBUS
OPERE	OPERIBUS
CAPITE	CAPITIBUS
POEMATE	POEMATIBUS
SEDILI	SEDILIBUS
FRUCTU	FRUCTIBUS
CORNU	CORNIBUS
DOMO	DOMIBUS
RE	REBUS
DIE	DIEBUS

DATIVE CASE

SINGULAR	PLURAL
MUSAE	MUSIS
DOMINO	DOMINIS
MAGISTRO	MAGISTRIS
GENERO	GENERIS
DEO	DIS
REGNO	REGNIS
HONORI	HONORIBUS
SERMONI	SERMONIBUS
NUBI	NUBIBUS
MILITI	MILITIBUS
TURRI	TURRIBUS
LAPIDI	LAPIDIBUS
PATRI	PATRIBUS
ANIMALI	ANIMALIBUS
CARMINI	CARMINIBUS
ITINERI	ITINERIBUS
OPERI	OPERIBUS
CAPITI	CAPITIBUS
POEMATI	POEMATIBUS
SEDILI	SEDILIBUS
FRUCTUI	FRUCTIBUS
CORNU	CORNIBUS
DOMUI	DOMIBUS
REI	REBUS
DIEI	DIEBUS

GENITIVE CASE

SINGULAR	PLURAL
MUSAE	MUSARUM
DOMINI	DOMINORUM
MAGISTRI	MAGISTRORUM
GENERI	GENERORUM
DEI	DEORUM
REI	REGNORUM
HONORIS	HONORUM
SERMONIS	SERMONUM
NUBIS	NUBIUM
MILITIS	MILITUM
TURRIS	TURRIUM
LAPIDIS	LAPIDUM
PATRIS	PATRUM
ANIMALIS	ANIMALIUM
CARMINIS	CARMINUM
ITINERIS	ITINERUM
OPERIS	OPERUM
CAPITIS	CAPITUM
POEMATIS	POEMATUM
SEDILIS	SEDILIUM
FRUCTUS	FRUCTUUM
CORNU	CORNUUM
DOMUS	DOMUUM /DOMORUM
REI	RERUM
DIEI	DIERUM